Salários altos e energia barata, diz Robert Allen, historiador da universidade de Oxford. O fator de produção caro, o trabalho, levou os empresários a investir em máquinas movidas por combustível abundante, o carvão. Veja a resenha da The Economist:
most explanations for Britain’s industrial revolution focus too much on supply—of inquiring scientists, landless workers, helpful laws. These conditions were conducive to a great leap forward but not sufficient. Nor were they exclusive to Britain. Property rights were arguably more secure in France; much of the science behind the steam engine took place in Italy and Germany; the Dutch were highly urbanised.
Dica: Leonardo Monastério
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